In the Calvin Cycle, which two components are used to form glucose?

In the Calvin Cycle, ATP and NADPH are the two critical components used to form glucose. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy, which is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) through processes such as the light-dependent reactions.

Once these energy carriers are generated, they are utilized in the Calvin Cycle, which occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Here, ATP provides the energy necessary for the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions. Simultaneously, NADPH acts as a reducing agent, donating electrons to facilitate the conversion of carbon intermediates into glucose. This makes ATP and NADPH essential for the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide.

The other options do not contribute to glucose synthesis in the Calvin Cycle. Carbon dioxide is indeed involved in this cycle, but it is not paired with oxygen to produce glucose. Water and nitrogen are unrelated to glucose synthesis in this context, and referring to glucose and starch does not reflect the initial components involved in the formation of glucose during the Calvin Cycle.