In the process of translation, what role does tRNA play?

tRNA, or transfer RNA, plays a crucial role in the process of translation by serving as the adapter that carries amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. Each tRNA molecule is specific to one amino acid and contains an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA strand. This pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the genetic code encoded by the mRNA.

The other options describe functions that do not accurately represent the role of tRNA. For instance, synthesizing mRNA from DNA is the function of RNA polymerase, not tRNA. Providing energy for protein synthesis typically involves molecules like ATP or GTP, rather than a structural role played by tRNA. Lastly, the ribosomal structure primarily comprises ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, not tRNA, which further highlights the specific function of tRNA as a transport molecule for amino acids rather than a structural component or energy source.