What is the function of the protein coating, or capsid, in viruses?

The protein coating, or capsid, in viruses plays a crucial role in protecting the viral nucleic acid. The capsid is composed of protein subunits called capsomers, which come together to form a protective shell around the viral genome, which can be either DNA or RNA. This protective function is vital because it helps safeguard the genetic material from degradation by enzymes and other environmental factors when the virus is outside of a host cell. Additionally, the capsid facilitates the delivery of the viral nucleic acids into host cells during the infection process by helping the virus attach to and penetrate the host's cell membrane. This protective role is essential for the virus's ability to infect and propagate within host organisms.