Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis?

Protein synthesis is a fundamental biological process essential for the growth and maintenance of cells. The correct answer indicates that protein synthesis involves two key processes: transcription and translation.

During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. This mRNA then travels out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. In translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize a corresponding chain of amino acids, which fold into functional proteins.

This two-step process is critical, as proteins play a vital role in virtually every cellular function, including enzymatic activity, signaling, structure, and transport. Without these proteins, cells would not be able to perform necessary functions or respond to their environment adequately.

The other statements do not accurately reflect the nature of protein synthesis. While it starts in the nucleus, it does not occur exclusively there. Additionally, protein synthesis is a continuous process that happens regardless of whether the cell is in the process of division. Lastly, it is absolutely essential for cellular functions, and without it, cells cannot survive or thrive.